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2012 Sierra Leonean cholera outbreak
, a cholera outbreak in Sierra Leone has caused the deaths of 392 people. It is the country's largest outbreak of cholera since first reported in 1970 and the deadliest since the 1994-1995 cholera outbreak. The outbreak has also affected Guinea,〔 which shares a reservoir near the coast. This is the largest cholera outbreak in Africa in 2012.
Abdulai Bayraytay, the spokesman of the Sierra Leonean government, stated that as of 1 October 2012 there was no new reported cases of cholera. A second outbreak occurred in 2013 with 368 cases reported by August.
==Sources==
Cholera is a water-borne disease, primarily spread by the consumption of water or food contaminated by the feces of an infected person. The outbreak was triggered by heavy rainfall and flooding in Sierra Leone and Guinea, combined with poor hygiene practices, unsafe water sources, and ineffective waste management.〔 Crowded living conditions, poor sanitation and inadequate access to safe water are responsible for the higher rates of the outbreak in the Western Area including Freetown, the capital of Sierra Leone.〔
Only about 40% of people in Sierra Leone have access to a private or shared latrine, where approximately seven families typically share one toilet.〔 According to ''The Africa Review'', nearly 60% of toilets are pit toilets that easily drain directly into sources of drinking water〔 and more than 30% of people defecate in the open.〔 The water and sanitation systems were damaged after the civil war in Sierra Leone, and have not been rebuilt properly, leaving approximately 43% of Sierra Leoneans without access to clean water.〔〔 Poor health-care system in the country with the population of six million people also contributes to the outbreak. The UN figures indicate that there is only one doctor per 34,744 people.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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